Interval Abbreviations

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Contd... On INTERVALS

Intervals are used so often in describing chords and scales that they are sometimes named in an extremely abbreviated way. Learn to recognize these variations in interval names.


⇒ Perfect and major intervals are implied by no mention of their quality at all : 5 for P5 (perfect 5th), 7 for M7(major 7th), etc.






⇒ The word "sharp" or the sharp symbol (#) is often used instead of "augmented" (or its abbreviations, "aug" or "+").

⇒ The word "flat" or the flat symbol(♭) is often used instead of "min" or "m."

⇒When a perfect interval (1,4,5,or8) becomes diminished,it maybe written with one flat (♭) instead of donors,or the diminished ("0").

⇒ When a major interval (2,3,6,7) becomes minor, it too is often written with a♭ instead of minor m, for instance,♭2  instead of m2.

Note: Intervals smaller than an octave are called simple intervals.

Here are other abbreviated INTERVALS and signs.

Intervals larger than an octave are called compound intervals . They may be analyzed as a simple interval raised by an octave.

To be continued...

Minor, Diminished, and Augmented Intervals

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Contd... On INTERVALS

A chromatic half step is a half step written as the same note twice with different accidentals (i.e., G - G #), while a diatonic half step is a half step that uses two different note names (i.e., G# -A ).

Major and perfect intervals may be augmented (increased in size) or diminished (reduced in size) by either type of half step to change their qualities.

Major and perfect intervals become augmented when the upper note is raised by a half step, or the lower note is lowered by a half step. The process may be referred to as augmentation.
Eg.
Major 6th on C  (C  -  A)
Augmented 6th (C -A#) OR (C♭ - A♮)






Eg.2

Major 5th on C (C - G)
Augmented 5th (C -G#) or  (C♭ - G♮)


Note:
*An augmented interval becomes doubly augmented when the upper note is raised by a half step, or the lower note is lowered by a half step.

*When a major interval is diminished by a half step it becomes minor.

*Intervals can be made smaller by placing a ♭before the upper note or a # before the lower note.

*Through diminution, minor and perfect intervals become diminished.

*A diminished interval becomes doubly diminished when the upper note is lowered by a half step or the lower note is raised by a half step.







It is possible for notes and intervals to have different names in spite of containing the same number of half steps and producing the same sounds.
For instance, an augmented 2nd above C is D#, and a minor 3rd above C is E♮.  Both intervals contain three half steps, but occur in different situations. This intervals are referred to as Enharmonic equivalents.




To be continued...

INTERVALS

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INTERVALS

 To understand any melodic or harmonic discussion, one must understand intervals. An interval measures the space between two pitches. The smallest interval in Western music is the semitone or half step (either name may be used). This is the distance from one key to the next on the piano, for instance from C to C#.






 a type of 6th. ➣➣➣C D E F G A


a type of 4th ➣➣➣ B C D E

a type of 2nd ➣➣➣ F G


Major and Perfect Intervals 

The quality of an interval is determined by comparison with the intervals found in the major scale. When compared with a major scale, a whole step is found to be equal to the distance from the first to the second note, giving us yet another name for it: the major second.

It should be committed to memory that any major scale contains half steps (h) between scale degrees 3-4 and 7-8, and whole steps (W) between all other pairs of notes . The half steps in any scale can be indicated with a wedgeshaped mark , or caret symbol ("). Here's the major scale in the key of C.








 C       D      E       F     G       A       B    C
 W      W     W     H     W     W     W    H


The distance from the root to the various pitches in the major scale form the basic intervals against which all others are measured. These eight intervals are divided into two basic types, Perfect or Major .

• Perfect: unisons, 4ths, 5ths, octaves

 • Major: 2nds, 3rds, 6ths, 7ths

C ➣➣➣➣➣➣ Root

D ➣➣➣➣➣➣Major 2nd

E ➣➣➣➣➣➣ Major 3rd

F ➣➣➣➣➣➣ Perfect 4th

G ➣➣➣➣➣➣ Perfect 5th

A ➣➣➣➣➣➣ Major 6th

B ➣➣➣➣➣➣ Major 7th

C ➣➣➣➣➣➣ Perfect octave


To be continued!!!!!!

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